Each evening around 5 o’clock, condo residents gather on their lanai to watch the nightly performance of anhinga and cormorant, birds that roost in the trees, just beyond the canal. You can hear the scraping of chairs and snippets of conversation…the clink of silverware on plates…as residents settle in. After the first dozen or so of birds have settled, we all get quiet and watch as the birds seem to take up the same positions as the night before and the night before that.
Rain or shine (mostly shine), chilly or warm (almost always warm), the birds come. The first one is always alone…derrrr…it’s the first one. The others then follow, coming from all directions. Maybe a lone flier, maybe two, sometimes a small group. Until finally, the lacey pine trees are dotted with dozens of large black birds, looking like macabre Christmas ornaments. Cormorant and anhinga (the cormorant’s cousin) come to roost. The first night I witnessed this spectacular roosting ritual, I was riveted to my seat. Even Luigi, who back then would bark at the slightest provocation, sat on my lap silently and watched in rapt attention, his muscles just quivering with tension. We both were stunned mute.
Cormorant and anhinga are not small birds, nor do I think they are they particularly attractive. I find anhinga slightly better looking than the cormorant; though
in truth, I have difficulty distinguishing which bird is which, even now after watching them for about two months. The cormorant has all black or dark feathers with a little orange around the throat area. The anhinga is also mostly black with a very long neck, long bill, and long tail. The female anhinga has a white-ish head and throat while the male anhinga has white on its wings. According to my reading, cormorant are a little smaller than their anhinga cousin but not by many feathers, averaging a length of about 31 inches while the anhinga measure approximately 34 inches.
Here are a couple of differences between the two birds that I’ve worked out, but most of the time I’m confused: The anhinga arrive silently on the hush of wings and remain quiet; cormorant come in flapping clumsily, grunting like angry pigs. Cormorant are the more likely to kick a poacher out of the trees, unceremoniously sending an interloper into the canal below or scuttling off to another tree close by, all the while raising a snorting, grunting ruckus.
Anhinga swoop and glide gracefully to stick a beautiful ten-point landing. The cormorant come in, sometimes feet-first, flapping desperately on a collision course, barely grasping the narrow tree branch then swaying all the way forward with wings wildly beating until somehow they get their balance. And always, the cormorant end any activity with their distinctive pig grunt. The cormorants’ awkwardness and snorting definitely provide us with a lot laughs!
Both birds are excellent fisherman, though their styles are a little different. The canal behind our condo is full of fish, frogs, turtles, and the occasional alligator—
the smaller critters are just the diet of many of the birds that line the shores! It’s fun and suspenseful to watch the anhinga as they hunt their prey. Once the anhinga are in the water, only their head and neck appear above the surface, like a tiny Loch Ness monster drifting back and forth. When they see a tasty morsel, they submerge. I hold my breath while waiting for them to surface again. I have no idea what goes on under water, but I have a suspicion that it wouldn’t be pretty. Cormorant also swim under water to spear their prey, but they look more like ducks on the surface. The cormorant noisily slap their wings on the surface of the water when they attempt their awkward take-off after getting their fill of fish. The anhinga, however, look like disembodied heads gliding to shore then they waddle out of the water. Because anhingas’ feathers are so dense, they stand patiently on shore, wings spread and sometimes waving, in order to dry out–They remind me of the nuns who would pick up the skirts of their heavy black habits to run bases when playing softball with us during summer catechism.
While tiny baby alligators fall victim to the anhinga, anhinga in return fall victim to the decidedly larger alligators. (Needless to say, Luigi and I don’t venture back by the canal…often…and when we do, we tiptoe.) So I literally hold my breath when watching any of the water birds and turtles along the banks. I know any of the birds could fall victim to the silent, lurking menace. I’ve heard gruesome tales of not-so-lucky turtles and egrets.
Something I love about both the anhinga and cormorant, though, is that they mate for life and share parenting and housekeeping duties. I find that quality endearing, for some reason. There is at least one mated pair of anhinga that come to roost every evening. The female flies in first and keeps her head turned toward the west until her mate comes and lands close beside her. You can almost hear the female sigh with relief when she sees her mate landing beside her. At least that’s what I imagine. It seems as though the branch would buckle under the weight of the two birds, but somehow it manages to support them. The male then moves with a slide-shuffle over to his mate, the branch undulating with each movement, the two rub heads, slide-shuffle apart, bury their heads under a wing, and fall asleep.
One night a great blue heron thought the trees would make a perfect spot, too; but he didn’t last very long. Despite getting into a verbal altercation with the
cormorant, raising up to its full height and trumpeting its position, it finally gave up and moved on. I mean, really, the cormorant are a very crude, dirty lot but what a show they put on! I was so involved in what was going on outside, my garlic wine sauce got away from me and literally exploded all over the kitchen! It was not pretty.
I’m told by the locals that as quickly as the anhinga and cormorant appear, they disappear just as quickly sometime in February. Until their impending departure, though, I plan to continue watching the ritual of their night-time routines. My enthusiasm has waned these past few weeks and there is a part of me that can’t wait for the birds to disappear as the trees have gone from a pretty shade of ever-green to a dirty shade of gray-white from bird excrement. In a word…yuk! I find myself praying for rain, not just because the entire state is perilously dry but because the trees need a good bath!
Even in their murky state, the trees continue to attract some of the most beautiful birds. Just the other day in the early afternoon, two pelicans swooped in and stayed long enough for me to snap quite a few pictures. As soon as the filthy birds (cormorant and anhinga) began gathering for the night, the pelicans stood as if
on cue and flew off and have yet to return. I hope it was nothing the loud-mouthed cormorant said!































O tannenbaum . . .
December 9, 2011 by 3 Sisters Chat
A modern-day Christmas tree
I wrote the following in 1994 and it was published in one of our local newspaper’s magazine sections the week before Christmas. Each year I pull it out and read it again, more for the poem included than anything else. But I also love to be reminded of the long history and tradition of some of our most cherished symbols, the Christmas tree being one we all relate to. It connects us to many eras and many generations of our own families. It allows us to meditate on life, on how things change, and on what our contributions are to the long traditions we keep and pass on to our children and grandchildren. I’ve made a few changes to update the article but it retains its original flavor.
In 1916 Robert Frost wrote the delightful story-poem interspersed throughout this piece. In the poem the owner of the young fir balsams decides he’d rather give away his trees to friends than sell them to someone from the city who only sees Christmas trees as money in his pocket. Frost called the poem “Christmas Trees: A circular Christmas letter.” And it begins ….
Charles Dickens referred to the Christmas tree as “that pretty German toy,” while Clement Miles wrote, it “is a kind of sacrament linking mankind to the mysteries of the forest.” The Christmas tree has been part of human celebrations and rituals since the 14th or 15th century, but humans have venerated the evergreen since time immemorial. And it is an honor well-deserved.
The pines, spruces, balsams, firs, and hemlocks used in Christmas celebrations are descendents of the first seed-producing plants, which appeared on earth millions of years ago and represented a true revolution in the plant world. A seed is self-contained and maintained; it contains an embryo plant, fully equipped with root, trunk, leaves, and its own food supply for nourishment until conditions are favorable, allowing the plant to germinate and grow.
Generat Grant in Kings Canyon National Park
The first ancient seed producers were soon replaced by cone-bearing trees, whose descendents include some of our tallest trees and oldest living plants which have survived centuries and geologic catastrophes because of their ability to adapt. Evergreens were already millions of years old when humans first appeared. When we looked around for a symbol of enduring life it’s easy to see how we chose the evergreen. Ancient cultures looked favorably on all evergreens believing that they contained magical powers. Spruce forests are capable of producing thousands of tons of wind-dispersed pollen each year sprinkling land and water with a gold-like powder. The cones, which contain many seeds, were often used as symbols of fertility. Evergreens figured prominently in many pagan rituals, especially those connected with winter solstice celebrations and vegetation deities—like Attis.
Attis, an Asiatic god of vegetation, was born of a virgin who conceived by putting a ripe almond in her bosom. Although stories of Attis’ death differ, they agree on two counts: it was a bloody death, and after his death under a pine tree, Attis changed into a pine tree, which figured prominently thereafter in vegetation rituals to the god.
Most ancient European and Asian civilizations had some form of tree worship according to Sir James Frazer, author of The Golden Bough. The evergreen symbolized immortal life for the Druids of England who are credited with being the first to hang undecorated evergreens in their homes, more than two centuries before the birth of Christ. Fresh boughs dispelled the gloom of winter and lent their fresh fragrance to the stale winter air inside. They were a reminder that even in the dead of winter, life abounds.
The first Christmas tree, one legend states, was adopted from medieval morality plays in which the evergreen played a major role. Decorated with apples, it represented the tree of life in the story of Adam and Eve. When December 25 became universally accepted as the time to celebrate Christ’s birth, the evergreen tree took on a central role in Christian celebrations of the event. And to some it represented the life-giving tree of the cross. Early decorations included roses (symbol of Mary) and wafers (symbol of last supper).
Eventually all manner of household items were used to decorate the tree. From silver spoons and knives; to cuff links, earrings, bracelets and brightly-colored gloves; cookies, fruit, toys, egg and sea shells, and garlands of cranberries and popcorn.
The Germans are generally given credit for introducing the modern Christmas tree in the 17th century with their beautifully and imaginatively decorated table-top trees. The first candles were added by Martin Luther, goes one legend, when, after observing the clear, star-studded sky one Christmas Eve, he wanted to impress his children with the importance of the birth of the Light of the World, and he added candles to his family’s tree.
Folklore credits Hessian soldiers with introducing the Christmas tree to American colonists during the Revolutionary War. The earliest recorded use of Christmas trees in America was in 1742, in a German Moravian settlement in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania; however, widespread use of the Christmas tree in America did not come about until over a hundred years later, around 1850. Taller, ceiling-high trees replaced the European table-top models and became a tradition in American homes.
National Christmas tree, Washington D.C.
President Pierce put up the first White House Christmas tree in 1856 but it wasn’t until 1923, with President Coolidge that the White House tree became a lasting tradition. It was also Coolidge who declared the gigantic sequoia General Grant, in Kings Canyon National Park, California, the National Christmas Tree. Since 1926, an annual Yuletide service is held at the foot of the nearly 2000-year-old tree on the second Sunday of December. On March 29, 1956, President Dwight D. Eisenhower declared the tree a “National Shrine”, a memorial to those who died in war. It is the only living object to be so declared.
In 1882, the world’s first electrically lighted Christmas tree was installed in the New York home of Thomas Edison’s associate Edward Johnson, replacing the hazardous candle-lit trees.
By the early 1900s the Christmas tree in the United States was so popular that shortages began to occur, especially around the cities. In response, the first Christmas tree farm was planted around 1905, and many abandoned farms were brought back into service with crops of conifers as the multi-million dollar industry took root. More recently balled and burlaped trees are used by many for the holiday then planted in backyards to give back to the environment for many years to come.
I happen to live in Indiana County PA, proudly proclaimed The Christmas Tree Capital of the World. Our local Christmas tree farms provide holiday trees for homes and businesses around the world. The National Christmas Tree Grower’s Association was founded here; and this year the NCTGA has provided a 19-foot balsam fir as the official White House Christmas tree. Indiana County tree growers are proud supporters of the Christmas Spirit Foundation. Since 2005 the CSF has provided 84,000 fresh-cut trees to military families and servicemen and women stationed around the world.
When our sons were young, we enjoyed going out to a local Christmas tree farm and tramping around to choose our tree, cut it down, and drag it back to the car. It never looked as good in the house as it had looked outside and we’d turn it and turn it trying to find the best side. Everyone had a different opinion. But we enjoyed decorating it with strings of popcorn and cranberries … and we each picked out a new ornament to hang each year from Lumley’s Christmas Shop. When we were finished we’d exclaimed this tree the most beautiful tree to date.
Finding a bird’s nest in the chosen tree has long been considered good luck for the new year. A Scandinavian tradition observed by farmers was to bundle a sheaf of wheat and attach it to a pole outside for the birds and animals on Christmas Eve as a show of good faith for a plentiful harvest the following year. Perhaps from these old traditions comes a more recent one of setting out the used Christmas tree and decorating it for the birds.
Many of our used trees served up a royal avian banquet with strings of popcorn and cranberries, slices of apple and peanut butter, suet balls dipped in birdseed, pinecones filled with peanut butter and birdseed, and pieces of stale donuts and bread. Then we would sit by the window and watch all the action. It extended our enjoyment of the rich tradition of the Christmas tree and giving.
Modern family traditions and festivities will continue to include a Christmas tree and greens decorated with bright lights and baubles for generations to come. It doesn’t matter whether we think of the tree as a delightful toy hung with the handiwork of our creativity, or consider its rich tradition and sacred symbolism of life eternal connecting us with those many generations who have gone before—and those yet to come. We are part of this long tradition of bringing in the greens.
The Christmas tree will always be an object of priceless memories of Christmas past, a stirring delight of Christmas present, and joyful anticipation of Christmas future.
Posted in Christmas, Culture Comment, Joanne | Tagged birds, Christmas tree history, circular Christmas letter, General Grant, merry Christmas, National Christmas tree, Robert Frost | 4 Comments »